Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.
Identifieur interne : 000603 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000602; suivant : 000604Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.
Auteurs : William Marciel De Souza [Brésil] ; Lewis Fletcher Buss [Brésil] ; Darlan Da Silva Candido [Brésil, Royaume-Uni] ; Jean-Paul Carrera [Royaume-Uni, Panama] ; Sabrina Li [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexander E. Zarebski [Royaume-Uni] ; Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira [Brésil] ; Carlos A. Prete [Brésil] ; Andreza Aruska De Souza-Santos [Royaume-Uni] ; Kris V. Parag [Royaume-Uni] ; Maria Carolina T D. Belotti [Brésil] ; Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez [Pays-Bas] ; Janey Messina [Royaume-Uni] ; Flavia Cristina Da Silva Sales [Brésil] ; Pamela Dos Santos Andrade [Brésil] ; Vítor Heloiz Nascimento [Brésil] ; Fabio Ghilardi [Brésil] ; Leandro Abade [Royaume-Uni] ; Bernardo Gutierrez [Royaume-Uni, Équateur] ; Moritz U G. Kraemer [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Carlos K V. Braga [Brésil] ; Renato Santana Aguiar [Brésil] ; Neal Alexander [Royaume-Uni] ; Philippe Mayaud [Royaume-Uni] ; Oliver J. Brady [Brésil, Royaume-Uni] ; Izabel Marcilio [Brésil] ; Nelson Gouveia [Brésil] ; Guangdi Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Adriana Tami [Pays-Bas] ; Silvano Barbosa De Oliveira [Brésil] ; Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto [Brésil] ; Fabiana Ganem [Brésil] ; Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira De Almeida [Brésil] ; Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato [Brésil] ; Eduardo Marques Macário [Brésil] ; Wanderson Kleber De Oliveira [Brésil] ; Mauricio L. Nogueira [Brésil] ; Oliver G. Pybus [Royaume-Uni] ; Chieh-Hsi Wu [Royaume-Uni] ; Julio Croda [Brésil, États-Unis] ; Ester C. Sabino [Brésil] ; Nuno Rodrigues Faria [Brésil, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Nature human behaviour [ 2397-3374 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification), Brésil (épidémiologie), Co-infection (épidémiologie), Enfant (MeSH), Facteurs socioéconomiques (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Grippe humaine (diagnostic), Grippe humaine (virologie), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Hospitalisation (statistiques et données numériques), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (mortalité), Infections à coronavirus (thérapie), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Mortalité (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Nourrisson (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic), Pneumopathie virale (mortalité), Pneumopathie virale (thérapie), Pneumopathie virale (transmission), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (méthodes), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (statistiques et données numériques), Transmission de maladie infectieuse (prévention et contrôle), Transmission de maladie infectieuse (statistiques et données numériques).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Grippe humaine, Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- isolement et purification : Betacoronavirus.
- mortalité : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- méthodes : Techniques de laboratoire clinique.
- prévention et contrôle : Transmission de maladie infectieuse.
- statistiques et données numériques : Hospitalisation, Techniques de laboratoire clinique, Transmission de maladie infectieuse.
- thérapie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus.
- virologie : Grippe humaine.
- épidémiologie : Brésil, Co-infection, Grippe humaine, Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adulte, Enfant, Facteurs socioéconomiques, Femelle, Humains, Mortalité, Mâle, Nourrisson, Pandémies, Sujet âgé.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Brésil.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), Brazil (epidemiology), Child (MeSH), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (methods), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (statistics & numerical data), Coinfection (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (mortality), Coronavirus Infections (therapy), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Disease Transmission, Infectious (prevention & control), Disease Transmission, Infectious (statistics & numerical data), Female (MeSH), Hospitalization (statistics & numerical data), Humans (MeSH), Infant (MeSH), Influenza, Human (diagnosis), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (virology), Male (MeSH), Mortality (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (mortality), Pneumonia, Viral (therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (transmission), Socioeconomic Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Brazil.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Influenza, Human, Pneumonia, Viral.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections.
- epidemiology : Coinfection, Influenza, Human.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- methods : Clinical Laboratory Techniques.
- mortality : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- prevention & control : Disease Transmission, Infectious.
- statistics & numerical data : Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Hospitalization.
- therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Influenza, Human.
- Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mortality, Pandemics, Socioeconomic Factors.
Abstract
The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission.
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4
PubMed: 32737472
Affiliations:
- Brésil, Panama, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Équateur, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Connecticut, Grand Londres, Groningue (province), Massachusetts, Minas Gerais, Oxfordshire, État de São Paulo
- Belo Horizonte, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Groningue, Londres, Oxford, São Paulo
- Université Harvard, Université d'Oxford, Université de São Paulo, Université fédérale du Minas Gerais
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Prete</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" sort="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" uniqKey="De Souza Santos A" first="Andreza Aruska" last="De Souza-Santos">Andreza Aruska De Souza-Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Studies Programme, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Studies Programme, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parag, Kris V" sort="Parag, Kris V" uniqKey="Parag K" first="Kris V" last="Parag">Kris V. Parag</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" sort="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" uniqKey="Belotti M" first="Maria Carolina T D" last="Belotti">Maria Carolina T D. Belotti</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" sort="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" uniqKey="Vincenti Gonzalez M" first="Maria F" last="Vincenti-Gonzalez">Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Messina, Janey" sort="Messina, Janey" uniqKey="Messina J" first="Janey" last="Messina">Janey Messina</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" sort="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" uniqKey="Da Silva Sales F" first="Flavia Cristina" last="Da Silva Sales">Flavia Cristina Da Silva Sales</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" sort="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" uniqKey="Andrade P" first="Pamela Dos Santos" last="Andrade">Pamela Dos Santos Andrade</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" sort="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" uniqKey="Nascimento V" first="Vítor Heloiz" last="Nascimento">Vítor Heloiz Nascimento</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghilardi, Fabio" sort="Ghilardi, Fabio" uniqKey="Ghilardi F" first="Fabio" last="Ghilardi">Fabio Ghilardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abade, Leandro" sort="Abade, Leandro" uniqKey="Abade L" first="Leandro" last="Abade">Leandro Abade</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braga, Carlos K V" sort="Braga, Carlos K V" uniqKey="Braga C" first="Carlos K V" last="Braga">Carlos K V. Braga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguiar, Renato Santana" sort="Aguiar, Renato Santana" uniqKey="Aguiar R" first="Renato Santana" last="Aguiar">Renato Santana Aguiar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Minas Gerais</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Neal" sort="Alexander, Neal" uniqKey="Alexander N" first="Neal" last="Alexander">Neal Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayaud, Philippe" sort="Mayaud, Philippe" uniqKey="Mayaud P" first="Philippe" last="Mayaud">Philippe Mayaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brady, Oliver J" sort="Brady, Oliver J" uniqKey="Brady O" first="Oliver J" last="Brady">Oliver J. Brady</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Minas Gerais</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcilio, Izabel" sort="Marcilio, Izabel" uniqKey="Marcilio I" first="Izabel" last="Marcilio">Izabel Marcilio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gouveia, Nelson" sort="Gouveia, Nelson" uniqKey="Gouveia N" first="Nelson" last="Gouveia">Nelson Gouveia</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Guangdi" sort="Li, Guangdi" uniqKey="Li G" first="Guangdi" last="Li">Guangdi Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Changsha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tami, Adriana" sort="Tami, Adriana" uniqKey="Tami A" first="Adriana" last="Tami">Adriana Tami</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" sort="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" uniqKey="De Oliveira S" first="Silvano Barbosa" last="De Oliveira">Silvano Barbosa De Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" sort="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" uniqKey="Porto V" first="Victor Bertollo Gomes" last="Porto">Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganem, Fabiana" sort="Ganem, Fabiana" uniqKey="Ganem F" first="Fabiana" last="Ganem">Fabiana Ganem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" sort="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" uniqKey="De Almeida W" first="Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" last="De Almeida">Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira De Almeida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" sort="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" uniqKey="Fantinato F" first="Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" last="Fantinato">Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macario, Eduardo Marques" sort="Macario, Eduardo Marques" uniqKey="Macario E" first="Eduardo Marques" last="Macário">Eduardo Marques Macário</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" sort="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" uniqKey="De Oliveira W" first="Wanderson Kleber" last="De Oliveira">Wanderson Kleber De Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogueira, Mauricio L" sort="Nogueira, Mauricio L" uniqKey="Nogueira M" first="Mauricio L" last="Nogueira">Mauricio L. Nogueira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>São Jose do Rio Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pybus, Oliver G" sort="Pybus, Oliver G" uniqKey="Pybus O" first="Oliver G" last="Pybus">Oliver G. Pybus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Chieh Hsi" sort="Wu, Chieh Hsi" uniqKey="Wu C" first="Chieh-Hsi" last="Wu">Chieh-Hsi Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dourados</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campo Grande</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabino, Ester C" sort="Sabino, Ester C" uniqKey="Sabino E" first="Ester C" last="Sabino">Ester C. Sabino</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" sort="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno Rodrigues" last="Faria">Nuno Rodrigues Faria</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32737472</idno><idno type="pmid">32737472</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000885</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000885</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000885</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000885</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000885</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.</title><author><name sortKey="De Souza, William Marciel" sort="De Souza, William Marciel" uniqKey="De Souza W" first="William Marciel" last="De Souza">William Marciel De Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buss, Lewis Fletcher" sort="Buss, Lewis Fletcher" uniqKey="Buss L" first="Lewis Fletcher" last="Buss">Lewis Fletcher Buss</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" sort="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" uniqKey="Candido D" first="Darlan Da Silva" last="Candido">Darlan Da Silva Candido</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrera, Jean Paul" sort="Carrera, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Carrera J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Carrera">Jean-Paul Carrera</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Panama</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Panama City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Sabrina" sort="Li, Sabrina" uniqKey="Li S" first="Sabrina" last="Li">Sabrina Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarebski, Alexander E" sort="Zarebski, Alexander E" uniqKey="Zarebski A" first="Alexander E" last="Zarebski">Alexander E. Zarebski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes" sort="Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes" uniqKey="Pereira R" first="Rafael Henrique Moraes" last="Pereira">Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prete, Carlos A" sort="Prete, Carlos A" uniqKey="Prete C" first="Carlos A" last="Prete">Carlos A. Prete</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" sort="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" uniqKey="De Souza Santos A" first="Andreza Aruska" last="De Souza-Santos">Andreza Aruska De Souza-Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Studies Programme, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Studies Programme, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parag, Kris V" sort="Parag, Kris V" uniqKey="Parag K" first="Kris V" last="Parag">Kris V. Parag</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" sort="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" uniqKey="Belotti M" first="Maria Carolina T D" last="Belotti">Maria Carolina T D. Belotti</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" sort="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" uniqKey="Vincenti Gonzalez M" first="Maria F" last="Vincenti-Gonzalez">Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Messina, Janey" sort="Messina, Janey" uniqKey="Messina J" first="Janey" last="Messina">Janey Messina</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" sort="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" uniqKey="Da Silva Sales F" first="Flavia Cristina" last="Da Silva Sales">Flavia Cristina Da Silva Sales</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" sort="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" uniqKey="Andrade P" first="Pamela Dos Santos" last="Andrade">Pamela Dos Santos Andrade</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" sort="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" uniqKey="Nascimento V" first="Vítor Heloiz" last="Nascimento">Vítor Heloiz Nascimento</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghilardi, Fabio" sort="Ghilardi, Fabio" uniqKey="Ghilardi F" first="Fabio" last="Ghilardi">Fabio Ghilardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abade, Leandro" sort="Abade, Leandro" uniqKey="Abade L" first="Leandro" last="Abade">Leandro Abade</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braga, Carlos K V" sort="Braga, Carlos K V" uniqKey="Braga C" first="Carlos K V" last="Braga">Carlos K V. Braga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguiar, Renato Santana" sort="Aguiar, Renato Santana" uniqKey="Aguiar R" first="Renato Santana" last="Aguiar">Renato Santana Aguiar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Minas Gerais</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Neal" sort="Alexander, Neal" uniqKey="Alexander N" first="Neal" last="Alexander">Neal Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mayaud, Philippe" sort="Mayaud, Philippe" uniqKey="Mayaud P" first="Philippe" last="Mayaud">Philippe Mayaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brady, Oliver J" sort="Brady, Oliver J" uniqKey="Brady O" first="Oliver J" last="Brady">Oliver J. Brady</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Minas Gerais</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcilio, Izabel" sort="Marcilio, Izabel" uniqKey="Marcilio I" first="Izabel" last="Marcilio">Izabel Marcilio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gouveia, Nelson" sort="Gouveia, Nelson" uniqKey="Gouveia N" first="Nelson" last="Gouveia">Nelson Gouveia</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Guangdi" sort="Li, Guangdi" uniqKey="Li G" first="Guangdi" last="Li">Guangdi Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Changsha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tami, Adriana" sort="Tami, Adriana" uniqKey="Tami A" first="Adriana" last="Tami">Adriana Tami</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" sort="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" uniqKey="De Oliveira S" first="Silvano Barbosa" last="De Oliveira">Silvano Barbosa De Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" sort="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" uniqKey="Porto V" first="Victor Bertollo Gomes" last="Porto">Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganem, Fabiana" sort="Ganem, Fabiana" uniqKey="Ganem F" first="Fabiana" last="Ganem">Fabiana Ganem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" sort="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" uniqKey="De Almeida W" first="Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" last="De Almeida">Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira De Almeida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" sort="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" uniqKey="Fantinato F" first="Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" last="Fantinato">Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macario, Eduardo Marques" sort="Macario, Eduardo Marques" uniqKey="Macario E" first="Eduardo Marques" last="Macário">Eduardo Marques Macário</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" sort="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" uniqKey="De Oliveira W" first="Wanderson Kleber" last="De Oliveira">Wanderson Kleber De Oliveira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogueira, Mauricio L" sort="Nogueira, Mauricio L" uniqKey="Nogueira M" first="Mauricio L" last="Nogueira">Mauricio L. Nogueira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>São Jose do Rio Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pybus, Oliver G" sort="Pybus, Oliver G" uniqKey="Pybus O" first="Oliver G" last="Pybus">Oliver G. Pybus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Chieh Hsi" sort="Wu, Chieh Hsi" uniqKey="Wu C" first="Chieh-Hsi" last="Wu">Chieh-Hsi Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dourados</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campo Grande</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. juliocroda@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabino, Ester C" sort="Sabino, Ester C" uniqKey="Sabino E" first="Ester C" last="Sabino">Ester C. Sabino</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" sort="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno Rodrigues" last="Faria">Nuno Rodrigues Faria</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature human behaviour</title><idno type="eISSN">2397-3374</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Brazil (epidemiology)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (methods)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Coinfection (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (mortality)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious (prevention & control)</term><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Hospitalization (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Infant (MeSH)</term><term>Influenza, Human (diagnosis)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Mortality (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (mortality)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (transmission)</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification)</term><term>Brésil (épidémiologie)</term><term>Co-infection (épidémiologie)</term><term>Enfant (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs socioéconomiques (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Grippe humaine (diagnostic)</term><term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Hospitalisation (statistiques et données numériques)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (mortalité)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (thérapie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term><term>Mortalité (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (mortalité)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (thérapie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (transmission)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique (méthodes)</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique (statistiques et données numériques)</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse (prévention et contrôle)</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse (statistiques et données numériques)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brazil</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prévention et contrôle" xml:lang="fr"><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious</term><term>Hospitalization</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hospitalisation</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="thérapie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brésil</term><term>Co-infection</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Male</term><term>Mortality</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Facteurs socioéconomiques</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mortalité</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Sujet âgé</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Brésil</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R<sub>0</sub> value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32737472</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2397-3374</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>4</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature human behaviour</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Hum Behav</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>856-865</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R<sub>0</sub> value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Souza</LastName><ForeName>William Marciel</ForeName><Initials>WM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0025-8293</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buss</LastName><ForeName>Lewis Fletcher</ForeName><Initials>LF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Candido</LastName><ForeName>Darlan da Silva</ForeName><Initials>DDS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carrera</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Paul</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1459-2858</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Sabrina</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zarebski</LastName><ForeName>Alexander E</ForeName><Initials>AE</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1824-7653</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pereira</LastName><ForeName>Rafael Henrique Moraes</ForeName><Initials>RHM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2125-7465</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prete</LastName><ForeName>Carlos A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3907-423X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Souza-Santos</LastName><ForeName>Andreza Aruska</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-3585-8683</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brazilian Studies Programme, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parag</LastName><ForeName>Kris V</ForeName><Initials>KV</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7806-3605</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Belotti</LastName><ForeName>Maria Carolina T D</ForeName><Initials>MCTD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5595-8775</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vincenti-Gonzalez</LastName><ForeName>Maria F</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Messina</LastName><ForeName>Janey</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7829-1272</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>da Silva Sales</LastName><ForeName>Flavia Cristina</ForeName><Initials>FC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9048-0030</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andrade</LastName><ForeName>Pamela Dos Santos</ForeName><Initials>PDS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5213-7592</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nascimento</LastName><ForeName>Vítor Heloiz</ForeName><Initials>VH</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0543-4735</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghilardi</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abade</LastName><ForeName>Leandro</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4681-9412</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gutierrez</LastName><ForeName>Bernardo</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9220-2739</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kraemer</LastName><ForeName>Moritz U G</ForeName><Initials>MUG</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8838-7147</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Braga</LastName><ForeName>Carlos K V</ForeName><Initials>CKV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aguiar</LastName><ForeName>Renato Santana</ForeName><Initials>RS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alexander</LastName><ForeName>Neal</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6707-7876</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mayaud</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5730-947X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brady</LastName><ForeName>Oliver J</ForeName><Initials>OJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3235-2129</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marcilio</LastName><ForeName>Izabel</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2914-6535</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gouveia</LastName><ForeName>Nelson</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0625-0265</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Guangdi</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tami</LastName><ForeName>Adriana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Oliveira</LastName><ForeName>Silvano Barbosa</ForeName><Initials>SB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Porto</LastName><ForeName>Victor Bertollo Gomes</ForeName><Initials>VBG</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3112-6154</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ganem</LastName><ForeName>Fabiana</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Almeida</LastName><ForeName>Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira</ForeName><Initials>WAF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2082-6283</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fantinato</LastName><ForeName>Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti</ForeName><Initials>FFST</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Department of Immunization and Communicable Diseases, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Macário</LastName><ForeName>Eduardo Marques</ForeName><Initials>EM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Oliveira</LastName><ForeName>Wanderson Kleber</ForeName><Initials>WK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nogueira</LastName><ForeName>Mauricio L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1102-2419</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pybus</LastName><ForeName>Oliver G</ForeName><Initials>OG</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8797-2667</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Chieh-Hsi</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9386-725X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Croda</LastName><ForeName>Julio</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6665-6825</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Brazil. juliocroda@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. juliocroda@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sabino</LastName><ForeName>Ester C</ForeName><Initials>EC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faria</LastName><ForeName>Nuno Rodrigues</ForeName><Initials>NR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8839-2798</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, UK. nfaria@ic.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>MR/S0195/1</GrantID><Agency>RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>204311/Z/16/Z</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>206471/Z/17/Z</GrantID><Agency>Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nat Hum Behav</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101697750</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2397-3374</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000657964">COVID-19 diagnostic testing</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001938" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Brazil</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019411" MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical Laboratory Techniques</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060085" MajorTopicYN="N">Coinfection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018562" MajorTopicYN="Y">Disease Transmission, Infectious</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="N">prevention & control</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006760" MajorTopicYN="N">Hospitalization</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="Y">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009026" MajorTopicYN="N">Mortality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012959" MajorTopicYN="N">Socioeconomic Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32737472</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Brésil</li><li>Panama</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Équateur</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Connecticut</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Groningue (province)</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Minas Gerais</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>Belo Horizonte</li><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li><li>Groningue</li><li>Londres</li><li>Oxford</li><li>São Paulo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de São Paulo</li><li>Université fédérale du Minas Gerais</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="De Souza, William Marciel" sort="De Souza, William Marciel" uniqKey="De Souza W" first="William Marciel" last="De Souza">William Marciel De Souza</name></region><name sortKey="Aguiar, Renato Santana" sort="Aguiar, Renato Santana" uniqKey="Aguiar R" first="Renato Santana" last="Aguiar">Renato Santana Aguiar</name><name sortKey="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" sort="Andrade, Pamela Dos Santos" uniqKey="Andrade P" first="Pamela Dos Santos" last="Andrade">Pamela Dos Santos Andrade</name><name sortKey="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" sort="Belotti, Maria Carolina T D" uniqKey="Belotti M" first="Maria Carolina T D" last="Belotti">Maria Carolina T D. Belotti</name><name sortKey="Brady, Oliver J" sort="Brady, Oliver J" uniqKey="Brady O" first="Oliver J" last="Brady">Oliver J. Brady</name><name sortKey="Braga, Carlos K V" sort="Braga, Carlos K V" uniqKey="Braga C" first="Carlos K V" last="Braga">Carlos K V. Braga</name><name sortKey="Buss, Lewis Fletcher" sort="Buss, Lewis Fletcher" uniqKey="Buss L" first="Lewis Fletcher" last="Buss">Lewis Fletcher Buss</name><name sortKey="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" sort="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" uniqKey="Candido D" first="Darlan Da Silva" last="Candido">Darlan Da Silva Candido</name><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><name sortKey="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" sort="Da Silva Sales, Flavia Cristina" uniqKey="Da Silva Sales F" first="Flavia Cristina" last="Da Silva Sales">Flavia Cristina Da Silva Sales</name><name sortKey="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" sort="De Almeida, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" uniqKey="De Almeida W" first="Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira" last="De Almeida">Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira De Almeida</name><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" sort="De Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa" uniqKey="De Oliveira S" first="Silvano Barbosa" last="De Oliveira">Silvano Barbosa De Oliveira</name><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" sort="De Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber" uniqKey="De Oliveira W" first="Wanderson Kleber" last="De Oliveira">Wanderson Kleber De Oliveira</name><name sortKey="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" sort="Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" uniqKey="Fantinato F" first="Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti" last="Fantinato">Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato</name><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" sort="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno Rodrigues" last="Faria">Nuno Rodrigues Faria</name><name sortKey="Ganem, Fabiana" sort="Ganem, Fabiana" uniqKey="Ganem F" first="Fabiana" last="Ganem">Fabiana Ganem</name><name sortKey="Ghilardi, Fabio" sort="Ghilardi, Fabio" uniqKey="Ghilardi F" first="Fabio" last="Ghilardi">Fabio Ghilardi</name><name sortKey="Gouveia, Nelson" sort="Gouveia, Nelson" uniqKey="Gouveia N" first="Nelson" last="Gouveia">Nelson Gouveia</name><name sortKey="Macario, Eduardo Marques" sort="Macario, Eduardo Marques" uniqKey="Macario E" first="Eduardo Marques" last="Macário">Eduardo Marques Macário</name><name sortKey="Marcilio, Izabel" sort="Marcilio, Izabel" uniqKey="Marcilio I" first="Izabel" last="Marcilio">Izabel Marcilio</name><name sortKey="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" sort="Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz" uniqKey="Nascimento V" first="Vítor Heloiz" last="Nascimento">Vítor Heloiz Nascimento</name><name sortKey="Nogueira, Mauricio L" sort="Nogueira, Mauricio L" uniqKey="Nogueira M" first="Mauricio L" last="Nogueira">Mauricio L. Nogueira</name><name sortKey="Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes" sort="Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes" uniqKey="Pereira R" first="Rafael Henrique Moraes" last="Pereira">Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira</name><name sortKey="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" sort="Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes" uniqKey="Porto V" first="Victor Bertollo Gomes" last="Porto">Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto</name><name sortKey="Prete, Carlos A" sort="Prete, Carlos A" uniqKey="Prete C" first="Carlos A" last="Prete">Carlos A. Prete</name><name sortKey="Sabino, Ester C" sort="Sabino, Ester C" uniqKey="Sabino E" first="Ester C" last="Sabino">Ester C. Sabino</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" sort="Candido, Darlan Da Silva" uniqKey="Candido D" first="Darlan Da Silva" last="Candido">Darlan Da Silva Candido</name></region><name sortKey="Abade, Leandro" sort="Abade, Leandro" uniqKey="Abade L" first="Leandro" last="Abade">Leandro Abade</name><name sortKey="Alexander, Neal" sort="Alexander, Neal" uniqKey="Alexander N" first="Neal" last="Alexander">Neal Alexander</name><name sortKey="Brady, Oliver J" sort="Brady, Oliver J" uniqKey="Brady O" first="Oliver J" last="Brady">Oliver J. Brady</name><name sortKey="Carrera, Jean Paul" sort="Carrera, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Carrera J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Carrera">Jean-Paul Carrera</name><name sortKey="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" sort="De Souza Santos, Andreza Aruska" uniqKey="De Souza Santos A" first="Andreza Aruska" last="De Souza-Santos">Andreza Aruska De Souza-Santos</name><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" sort="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno Rodrigues" last="Faria">Nuno Rodrigues Faria</name><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" sort="Faria, Nuno Rodrigues" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno Rodrigues" last="Faria">Nuno Rodrigues Faria</name><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><name sortKey="Li, Sabrina" sort="Li, Sabrina" uniqKey="Li S" first="Sabrina" last="Li">Sabrina Li</name><name sortKey="Mayaud, Philippe" sort="Mayaud, Philippe" uniqKey="Mayaud P" first="Philippe" last="Mayaud">Philippe Mayaud</name><name sortKey="Messina, Janey" sort="Messina, Janey" uniqKey="Messina J" first="Janey" last="Messina">Janey Messina</name><name sortKey="Messina, Janey" sort="Messina, Janey" uniqKey="Messina J" first="Janey" last="Messina">Janey Messina</name><name sortKey="Parag, Kris V" sort="Parag, Kris V" uniqKey="Parag K" first="Kris V" last="Parag">Kris V. Parag</name><name sortKey="Pybus, Oliver G" sort="Pybus, Oliver G" uniqKey="Pybus O" first="Oliver G" last="Pybus">Oliver G. Pybus</name><name sortKey="Wu, Chieh Hsi" sort="Wu, Chieh Hsi" uniqKey="Wu C" first="Chieh-Hsi" last="Wu">Chieh-Hsi Wu</name><name sortKey="Zarebski, Alexander E" sort="Zarebski, Alexander E" uniqKey="Zarebski A" first="Alexander E" last="Zarebski">Alexander E. Zarebski</name></country><country name="Panama"><noRegion><name sortKey="Carrera, Jean Paul" sort="Carrera, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Carrera J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Carrera">Jean-Paul Carrera</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Groningue (province)"><name sortKey="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" sort="Vincenti Gonzalez, Maria F" uniqKey="Vincenti Gonzalez M" first="Maria F" last="Vincenti-Gonzalez">Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez</name></region><name sortKey="Tami, Adriana" sort="Tami, Adriana" uniqKey="Tami A" first="Adriana" last="Tami">Adriana Tami</name></country><country name="Équateur"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name></region><name sortKey="Croda, Julio" sort="Croda, Julio" uniqKey="Croda J" first="Julio" last="Croda">Julio Croda</name><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Li, Guangdi" sort="Li, Guangdi" uniqKey="Li G" first="Guangdi" last="Li">Guangdi Li</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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